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Defence counsel : ウィキペディア英語版
Defense (legal)

In civil proceedings and criminal prosecutions under the common law, a defendant may raise a defense (or defence) in an attempt to avoid criminal or civil liability. Besides contesting the accuracy of any allegation made against him or her in a criminal or civil proceeding, a defendant may also make allegations against the prosecutor or plaintiff or raise a defense, arguing that, even if the allegations against the defendant are true, the defendant is nevertheless not liable.
Since a defense is raised by the defendant in a direct attempt to avoid what would otherwise result in liability, the defendant typically holds the burden of proof. For example, if a defendant in an assault and battery case attempts to claim provocation, the victim of said assault and battery would not have to prove that he did not provoke the defendant; the defendant would have to prove that the plaintiff did.
==Civil law defenses==

In common law, a defendant may raise any of the numerous defenses to limit or avoid liability. These include:
* Lack of personal or subject matter jurisdiction of the court, such as diplomatic immunity.
* Failure to state a cause of action or other insufficiencies of pleading.
* Any of the affirmative defenses.
* Defenses conferred by statute - such as a statute of limitations or the statute of frauds.
* ''Ex turpi causa non oritur actio'' - the action against the defendant arises from an illegality.
* ''Volenti non fit injuria'' - consent by the victim or plaintiff.
* ''In pari delicto'' - both sides equally at fault
* Unclean hands
In addition to defenses against prosecution and liability, a defendant may also raise a defense of justification - such as self-defense and defense of others or defense of property.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Defense (legal)」の詳細全文を読む



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